# Present subjunctive: the flipped endings

> id: conjugation.subjunctive.present-regular · category: conjugation · depth: standard · levels: B1 · review: internally_reviewed

**Summary.** Take the yo form, drop -o, and flip the theme vowel: -ar verbs take e-endings (hable, hables), -er/-ir verbs take a-endings (coma, viva).

The recipe: start from the present yo form, remove the final -o, and add the opposite vowel's endings. Hablar → hablo → hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen. Comer → coma; vivir → viva.

Because the base is the yo form, irregularities propagate automatically: tengo → tenga, conozco → conozca, protejo → proteja, construyo → construya. Spelling rules apply at the boundary: busque, llegue, cruce.

Stem-changing verbs follow the boot in the subjunctive too (piense, pensemos; vuelva, volvamos), and -ir stem-changers raise their vowel in nosotros/vosotros: sintamos, durmáis, pidamos.

## Examples
- Quiero que hables con él. — I want you to talk to him.
- Es importante que tengas paciencia. — It's important that you be patient. *(tengo → tenga: yo-form base.)*
- Espero que vivan felices. — I hope they live happily.

Related: conjugation.subjunctive.present-irregular, conjugation.present.yo-go, conjugation.imperative.negative

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