# Nationality adjectives: boliviano, francesa, canadienses

> id: grammar.adjectives.nationality · category: grammar · depth: standard · levels: A1 · review: internally_reviewed

**Summary.** Lowercase always: boliviano, paraguaya. Consonant endings add -a for feminine (francés → francesa, español → española) and lose the written accent in derived forms.

Nationality adjectives — and language names — are always lowercase in Spanish, unlike English: es boliviana, hablo francés, los clientes franceses. This is one of the most common capitalization slips for English speakers.

Those ending in -o inflect like any -o adjective (peruano/peruana/peruanos/peruanas). Those ending in a consonant add -a for the feminine and lose any written accent in the longer forms: alemán → alemana, alemanes; francés → francesa, franceses; español → española.

Adjectives ending in -í or -ense are invariable in gender: marroquí(es), canadiense(s), estadounidense(s), costarricense. The same word usually doubles as the language name, with the article: el guaraní, el alemán, el español.

## Examples
- Mi pareja es boliviana y yo soy canadiense. — My partner is Bolivian and I'm Canadian.
- Los clientes franceses llegan mañana. — The French clients arrive tomorrow.
- Mi pareja es boliviana y los socios son canadienses. — My partner is Bolivian and the partners are Canadian.

Related: grammar.adjectives.agreement

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