# Indirect object pronouns: me, te, le, nos, os, les

> id: grammar.pronouns.indirect-object · category: grammar · depth: standard · levels: A2 · review: internally_reviewed

**Summary.** Le/les mark the receiver: le di el libro. Spanish often doubles them even when the receiver is named: le di el libro a Juan.

Indirect object pronouns mark the recipient or beneficiary — the 'to/for whom' of the action. The set is me, te, le, nos, os, les, with le/les for the third person regardless of gender: le di el libro ('I gave him/her the book'), les escribí ('I wrote to them').

A defining feature of Spanish: the pronoun is normally used even when the recipient is also named in full. This clitic doubling is standard, not redundant: le di el libro a Juan, les avisé a los vecinos. Dropping the le there sounds wrong to native ears.

Placement follows the usual clitic rules (before conjugated verbs; attached to infinitives, gerunds, and affirmative commands). And before a direct object pronoun, le/les turn into se: se lo di, not *le lo di — see the double-object se rule.

## Examples
- Le mandé un mensaje a Carla. — I sent Carla a message. *(Doubling with le.)*
- ¿Me prestas tu cargador? — Can you lend me your charger?
- Les compré un regalo a mis sobrinos. — I bought my nieces and nephews a gift.

Related: grammar.pronouns.direct-object, grammar.pronouns.double-object-se

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