conjugation.perfect.present
Present perfect: he hablado
Present of haber + past participle: he comido, has visto, hemos llegado. The participle never agrees. Usage frequency varies by region, Spain uses it far more than Latin America.
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Explanation
Build it with he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han + the participle: he terminado, han salido. Nothing can come between haber and the participle, and the participle is invariable: ella ha llegado (not *llegada).
It connects a past event to the present: experiences (he estado en Bolivia), recent or still-relevant events, and unfinished periods (esta semana he trabajado mucho).
Regional reality: in Spain it dominates for today's events (hoy he comido tarde); in most of Latin America the preterite takes that role (hoy comí tarde) and the present perfect is reserved for experiences and still-open situations.
Examples
I have lived in three countries.
Region: global
Have you tried salteñas?
Region: global
They haven't answered yet.
Region: global