contrast.pedir-preguntar
Pedir vs preguntar: requesting vs asking
Pedir = ask FOR something (pedí la cuenta, te pido un favor); preguntar = ask a question (pregunta cuánto cuesta). Preguntar por = ask about/after.
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Explicación
Both translate as 'to ask', but they ask for different things. Pedir is to ask for something — to request: pedí la cuenta, te pido un favor, pedir permiso. Preguntar is to ask a question — to seek information: preguntó cuánto cuesta, pregúntale dónde queda.
Their grammar follows the meaning. Pedir takes a thing or a request, and with que + subjunctive expresses asking someone to do something: me pidió que esperara. Preguntar takes a question, often with si or a question word: preguntó si veníamos, preguntó qué hora era.
Two fixed points: preguntar por means 'to ask about/after' someone or something — preguntó por vos ('she asked about you'); and you say hacer una pregunta ('to ask a question'), never *preguntar una pregunta.
Ejemplos
Ask him for the number and ask him what time he's open.
Región: global
Your mom asked about you.
Región: global
I asked him for help and, while I was at it, asked how he was.