grammar.prepositions.location
Locating things: encima de, debajo de, entre, frente a
Compound locatives: encima de / sobre (on), debajo de (under), delante de / frente a (in front of), detrás de (behind), al lado de (next to), entre (between), cerca de / lejos de.
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Explanation
Spatial relationships use a family of compound locatives, most built as adverb + de: encima de / sobre ('on, on top of'), debajo de ('under'), delante de / frente a ('in front of'), detrás de ('behind'), al lado de ('next to'), dentro de ('inside'), fuera de ('outside'), cerca de / lejos de ('near/far from').
Drop the de when no noun follows: está cerca ('it's nearby'), quedó dentro, lo dejé encima. With a noun, the de is required: cerca del centro, encima de la mesa, detrás de la puerta.
A few specifics: entre ('between/among') takes subject pronouns — entre tú y yo; sobre also means 'about' a topic (un libro sobre historia); and frente a / enfrente de are interchangeable for 'facing, opposite'.
Examples
The bank is next to the pharmacy.
Region: global
Leave the keys on the table.
Region: global
The cat is under the bed and the dog is next to the door.