grammar.conjunctions.aunque
Aunque: although / even if
One word, two readings set by mood: aunque + indicative = although (fact); aunque + subjunctive = even if (hypothesis).
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Explication
Aunque is a single word that carries two meanings, and the mood after it decides which. With the indicative it means 'although' and concedes a fact: aunque es tarde, voy ('although it IS late, I'm going'), aunque vivió allá diez años, no habla guaraní.
With the subjunctive it means 'even if' and concedes a hypothesis: aunque sea tarde, voy ('even if it turns out to be late'), aunque no me guste, lo haré. The same conjunction shifts from real concession to hypothetical depending on the verb mood.
Conversational neighbours include igual and de todos modos ('anyway'), and the more formal sin embargo and no obstante ('however'). The full mood mechanics — including a pesar de que and por más que — are in the concession-clause rule.
Exemples
Even if I don't like it, I'll do it.
Région: global
Although he lived there ten years, he doesn't speak Guaraní.
Région: global
Even if it costs more, I prefer quality.